My Blog

1: History and Physical Examination

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• Pain of Myocardial Ischemia
• Physical Examination: Left-Sided Cardiac Heart Failure
• Physical Examination: General Inspection
• Important Components of Cardiac Examination
• Cardiac Auscultation: Precordial Areas of Auscultation
• Maneuvers

2: Coronary Atherosclerosis

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• Angina Pectoris
• Atherogenesis: Fatty Streak Formation
• Atherogenesis: Fibrous Plaque Formation
• Atherogenesis: Unstable Plaque Formation
• Risk Factors in Coronary Heart Disease
• Intravascular Ultrasonography

3: Electrocardiography

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• Electrocardiographic Leads and Reference Lines
• Relation of Action Potential From the Various Cardiac Regions to the Body Surface ECG
• Myocardial Ischemia, Injury, and Infarction

4: Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging

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• Radiology and Angiocardiography
• Radiology and Angiocardiography
• Transducer Positions in Echocardiographic Examination
• Principles of Doppler Echocardiography
• Stress Nuclear Imaging

5: Diagnostic Coronary Angiography

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• Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins
• Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Variations
• Coronary Arteries: Arteriographic Views
• Coronary Angiography
• Angiographic Demonstration of Subclavian Steal

6: Use of Diagnostic Testing

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• Transesophageal Echocardiography
• Transesophageal Echocardiography
• Exercise and Contrast Echocardiography
• Left-Sided Heart Catheterization

Coronary Heart Disease

7: Chronic Coronary Artery Disease

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• Chronic Stable Angina
• Types and Degrees of Coronary Atherosclerotic Narrowing or Occlusion
• Pain of Myocardial Ischemia
• Hypercholesterolemic Xanthomatosis
• Testing to Detect Myocardial Ischemia
• Cardiac Risk Factors

8: Acute Coronary Syndromes

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• Atherogenesis: Unstable Plaque Formation
• Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction
• Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Acute Coronary Syndromes

9: Acute Myocardial Infarction

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• Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction
• Localization of Anterior and Posterior Infarcts
• Acute Coronary Intervention

10: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

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• Vascular Access
• Performance of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Stent Deployment
• Rotational Atherectomy
• Example of a Distal Protection Device

11: Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

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• Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCABG)
• Remote Closed Chest CPB Surgery-Robot Surgery

Myocardial Diseases and Cardiomyopathy

12: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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• Hypertension and Cardiomyopathy
• Cardiac Remodeling Secondary to Volume Overload
• Right-sided Heart Failure in a Patient With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy After Myocardial Infarction

13: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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• Heart Disease in Hypertension
• Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

14: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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• Comparison of Blood Flow and Pressure in Constrictive Pericarditis and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
• Idiopathic and Infiltrative Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
• Endomyocardial Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
• Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration
• Comparison of Normal and Pathologic Intracardiac Pressures
• Doppler Flow Studies: Comparison of Mitral and Pulmonary Vein Flow Velocities

15: Hereditary Cardiomyopathies

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• Interaction of Affected Proteins in DCM, HCM, and ARVC (Cardiac Muscle Cell)

16: Myocarditis

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• Septic Myocarditis
• Diptheric and Viral Myocarditis
• Myocarditis in Sarcoidosis and Scleroderma

17: Management of Heart Failure

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• Left-Sided Heart Failure and Pulmonary Congestion

18: Cardiac Transplantation

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• Technique of Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation II
• Technique of Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation

Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities

19: Atrial Fibrillation

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• Atrial Fibrillation
• Complications of Atrial Fibrillation
• Surgical Management

20: Ventricular Tachycardia

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• Ventricular Tachycardia
• Management of Ventricular Tachycardia
• Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

21: Bradyarrhythmias

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• Supraventricular Rhythms
• Atrioventricular Conduction Variations
• Atrioventricular Conduction Variations
• Sinus Arrest and Sinus Block

22: Cardiac Syncope

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• Syncope: Four-Step Management Approach

23: Sudden Cardiac Death

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• Sudden Cardiac Death
• Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)

24: Medical Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias

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• Conducting System of Heart
• Origin Sites of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
• Pre-excitation syndrome
• Atrial Flutter
• Ventricular Tachycardia

25: Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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• Models of the Mechanisms of Supraventricular and Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
• Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
• Accessory Pathways and the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
• Atrial flutter, Atrial Tachycardia, and Atrial Fibrillation

26: Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators

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• Implantable Cardiac Pacemaker (Dual-Chamber Cardiac Pacing)
• Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (Dual-Chamber Leads)

Valvular Heart Disease

27: Aortic Stenosis

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• Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
• Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes of Aortic Stenosis
• Aortic Stenosis
• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

28: Aortic Insufficiency

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• Rheumatic Heart Disease: Aortic Insufficiency
• Syphilitic Heart Disease
• Manifestations of Aortic Insufficiency

29: Mitral Valve Disease

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• Mitral Stenosis
• Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of Mitral Stenosis
• Mitral Regurgitation
• Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of Mitral Regurgitation
• Bacterial Endocarditis in Mitral Valvular Disease

30: Mitral Valve Prolapse

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• Auscultation in Mitral Valve Prolapse
• Mitral Valve Prolapse

31: Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve Disease

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• Tricuspid Stenosis and/or Insufficiency
• Right Atrial Enlargement
• Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia

32: Infective Endocarditis

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• Bacterial Endocarditis
• Common Portals of Bacterial Entry in Bacterial Endocarditis
• Bacterial Endocarditis
• Bacterial Endocarditis: Cardiac Sequelae
• Bacterial Endocarditis: Remote Embolic Effects

33: Percutaneous Balloon Valvotomy

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• Pulmonary Stenosis
• Pulmonary Balloon Valvuloplasty
• Effect of Valvuloplasty on Aortic Valve Area
• Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty
• Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty

34: Surgical Treatment for Valvular Heart Disease

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• First Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves
• Second Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves and Biologic Valves
• Chordal Transfer, Sliding Annuloplasty, and Ring Annuloplasty
• Approaching the Mitral Valve Through the Interatrial Septum

Pericardial Diseases

35: Pericardial Disease: Clinical Features and Treatment

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• Pericardial Sac
• Diseases of Pericardium
• Diseases of Pericardium
• Diseases of Pericardium
• Cardiac Tamponade

36: Pericardial Disease: Diagnosis and Hemodynamics

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• Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration
• Comparison of Normal and Pathologic Intracardiac Pressures
• Pericarditis
• Comparison of Blood Flow in Constrictive Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade
• Pressure-Volume Relationship of Pericardium

Vascular Diseases

37: Angiogenesis and Atherosclerosis

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• Mechanisms of Angiogenesis
• Mechanisms of Arteriogenesis and Development of Collateral Vessels

38: Diagnostic Techniques in Vascular Disease

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• Types of Arterial Noninvasive Tests
• Diagnostic Techniques in Vascular Disease
• Noninvasive Evaluation of Carotid Arteries

39: Hypertension

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• Myocardial Fibrosis
• Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure

40: Renal Artery Stenosis

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• Renal Artery Disease Causing Hypertension
• Renin-Angiotensin System
• Etiology of Hypertension
• Differential Renin/Aldosterone
• Aortorenal and Selective Renal Angiography (Transfemoral Approach)
• Renal Revascularization
• Transluminal Renal Angioplasty
• Percutaneous Revascularization of Stenotic Renal Arteries

41: Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease

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• Cerebrovascular Emboli Protection Devices
• Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Multiterritorial Disease

42: Surgery for Peripheral Vascular Disease

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• Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Embolism
• Surgical Management of Aortic Aneurysm
• Complications of Diabetic Vasculopathy and Neuropathy
• Surgical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease of Lower Extremity

Congenital Heart Disease

43: An Approach to Children with Suspected Congenital Heart Disease

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• Interrupted Aortic Arch Complex
• Transposition of Great Arteries
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Innervation of Heart: Schema
• Pulmonary Vessel Complications of Left-to-Right Shunts
• Clinical Characteristics of Too Much Pulmonary Flow (Pulmonary Volume Overload)
• Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum
• Anomalies of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

45: Cardiac Catheter Interventions for CHD

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• Transposition of Great Arteries
• Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia
• Congenital Aortic Atresia
• Anatomic Features of Aortic Coarctation in Older Children and Neonates
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Atrial Septal Defects
• Amplatzer Septal Occluder
• Anatomic Features of Perimembranous and Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects

46: Surgical Interventions for CHD

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• Transatrial Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect
• Norwood Correction of HLHS
• Norwood Correction of HLHS: Fontan Circulation
• tetralogy of Fallot
• Arterial Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries
• Truncus Arteriosus

47: Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease

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• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Transposition of the Great Vessels
• Tricuspid Atresia
• 
  

48: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children w/CHD

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• Exercise Tests

49: Kawasaki Disease

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• Pathogenesis and Clinical Course of Kawasaki Disease
• Clinical Features of Kawasaki Disease
• Cardiac Evaluation in Kawasaki Disease

50: Congenital Coronary Anomalies

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• Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies
• Surgical Procedures for Correction of Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies

Systemic Diseases and the Heart

51: Cardiovascular Disease in Pregnancy

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• Cardiovascular Adaptations to Pregnancy
• Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

52: Aging and the Cardiovascular System

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• Wave Reflection and Isolated Systolic Hypertension
• Endarterectomy for Extracranial of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis

53: Neuromuscular Diseases and the Heart

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• Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
• Myotonic Dystrophy
• Myopathies Related to Disorders of Potassium Metabolism
• Friedrich's Ataxia

54: Cardiovascular Manifestations of Endocrine Diseases

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• Acromegaly
• Hyperthyroid Heart
• Myxedema Heart
• Cushing's Syndrome/Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
• Primary Hyperaldosteronism/Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
• Pheochromocytoma

55: Connective Tissue Diseases and the Heart

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• Extra-articular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
• Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (PSS; Scleroderma); Lung Involvement

56: Cardiac Tumors

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• Heart Tumors
• Metastatic Tumors of the Heart

57: Pulmonary Hypertension and Thromboembolic Disease

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• Deep Venous Thrombosis
• Massive Embolization
• Embolism of Lesser Degree Without Infarction

58: Substance Abuse and the Heart

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• Substance Abuse and the Heart

59: HIV and the Heart

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• Cardiac Manifestation of AIDS

Affecting Heart Disease - Future Directions

60: Cardiovascular Epidemiology

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• Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

61: Cardiovascular Disease in Women and Special Populations

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• Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
• Cardiovascular Disease in Women and Special Populations

62: Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease

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• Genetics in Cardiovascular Medicine
• Normal, Mutant, and Polymorphic Gene Expression
• Genetic and Environmental Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

63: Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Health

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• Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Health
• Secondary Prevention
• Exercise Training in Congestive Heart Failure

64: Lipid Abnormalities and Risk Factor Reduction

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• Metabolic Syndrome
• Physical Findings
• Mechanism of Action of Lipid-Lowering Drugs

65: Cardiovascular Effects of Air Pollutants

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